TY - JOUR
T1 - Accumulation and dietary risks of perfluoroalkyl substances in fish and shellfish
T2 - A market-based study in Barcelona
AU - Marín-García, Marc
AU - Fàbregas, Céline
AU - Argenté, Carla
AU - Díaz-Ferrero, Jordi
AU - Gómez-Canela, Cristian
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the grant PID2020-113371RA-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033. M. Marín-García, J. Díaz-Ferrero, and C. Gómez-Canela are part of the GESPA group (Grup d'Enginyeria i Simulació de Processos Ambientals) in IQS-URL, which has been recognized as Consolidated Research Group by the Catalan Government ( 2021-SGR-00321 ). M. Marín-García has also received a public grant for the financing of the Investigo Programme, for the recruitment of young people seeking employment to carry out research and innovation initiatives, within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan, Next Generation E.U., for the year 2022 through the Catalan Government and the Spanish Ministry for Work and Social Economy (ref: 100045ID16 ).
PY - 2023/11/15
Y1 - 2023/11/15
N2 - Since the 1940s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely produced and used in various applications due to their unique properties. Consequently, the principal exposure routes of PFAS have been broadly studied, leading to the conclusion that dietary exposure (more specifically, the consumption of fish and seafood) was one of their main contributors. Thus, developing an analytical method that determines the level of PFAS in fish and seafood has become a relevant subject. In this work, a previous analytical method has been optimized to determine 12 PFAS in fish muscle from salmon, tuna, cod, hake, sardine, anchovy, and sole, as well as in seven different seafood species (i.e., cuttlefish, octopus, squid, shrimp, Norway lobster, prawn, and mussel) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Subsequently, the PFAS profile of the different species was studied to determine if it was consistent with that previously reviewed in the literature and to know the most relevant contribution of PFAS for each species. Finally, human exposure to PFAS through their consumption was estimated by the daily intake for seven different age/gender groups. PFAS were obtained from 0.014 to 0.818 ng g−1 wet weight in fish samples. Sardines, anchovies, and soles presented the highest PFAS levels. However, cod samples also showed some PFAS traces. Regarding seafood, PFAS levels range from 0.03 to 36.7 ng g−1 dry weight for the studied species. A higher concentration of PFAS has been found in the cephalopods' spleens and the crustaceans' heads. PFOS and PFBS were the predominant compounds in each seafood species, respectively. On the other hand, in the case of mussels, which are the less polluted species of the study, contamination by longer-chained PFAS was also observed. Finally, the total intake of PFAS due to fish and shellfish consumption for the Spanish adult population was estimated at 17.82 ng day−1. Nevertheless, none of the analyzed samples exceeded the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) risk value for the supervised PFAS in any age/gender group reviewed.
AB - Since the 1940s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been widely produced and used in various applications due to their unique properties. Consequently, the principal exposure routes of PFAS have been broadly studied, leading to the conclusion that dietary exposure (more specifically, the consumption of fish and seafood) was one of their main contributors. Thus, developing an analytical method that determines the level of PFAS in fish and seafood has become a relevant subject. In this work, a previous analytical method has been optimized to determine 12 PFAS in fish muscle from salmon, tuna, cod, hake, sardine, anchovy, and sole, as well as in seven different seafood species (i.e., cuttlefish, octopus, squid, shrimp, Norway lobster, prawn, and mussel) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Subsequently, the PFAS profile of the different species was studied to determine if it was consistent with that previously reviewed in the literature and to know the most relevant contribution of PFAS for each species. Finally, human exposure to PFAS through their consumption was estimated by the daily intake for seven different age/gender groups. PFAS were obtained from 0.014 to 0.818 ng g−1 wet weight in fish samples. Sardines, anchovies, and soles presented the highest PFAS levels. However, cod samples also showed some PFAS traces. Regarding seafood, PFAS levels range from 0.03 to 36.7 ng g−1 dry weight for the studied species. A higher concentration of PFAS has been found in the cephalopods' spleens and the crustaceans' heads. PFOS and PFBS were the predominant compounds in each seafood species, respectively. On the other hand, in the case of mussels, which are the less polluted species of the study, contamination by longer-chained PFAS was also observed. Finally, the total intake of PFAS due to fish and shellfish consumption for the Spanish adult population was estimated at 17.82 ng day−1. Nevertheless, none of the analyzed samples exceeded the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) risk value for the supervised PFAS in any age/gender group reviewed.
KW - Dietary intake risk estimation
KW - Fish
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
KW - Seafood
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85170419877&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117009
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117009
M3 - Article
C2 - 37652217
AN - SCOPUS:85170419877
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 237
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 117009
ER -