TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-Term Calculation of Predicted Environmental Concentrations to Assess the Risk of Anticancer Drugs in Environmental Waters
AU - Dominguez-García, Pol
AU - Gibert, Marta
AU - Lacorte, Sílvia
AU - Gómez-Canela, Cristian
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by The Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under the project PID2020-113371RA-C22 and PID2019-105732GB-C21 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - This study reports the consumption data for 132 anticancer drugs in Catalonia (NE Spain) during the period of 2013–2017 and calculates the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in wastewater effluents and rivers. This long-term analysis can determine the evolution of drugs present in the environment according to prescriptions and serve as an adequate tool to determine their presence and impact. Data showed that out of 132 compounds prescribed, 77 reached wastewater effluents, which accounted for the most consumed, those excreted in the highest doses, and the least biodegradable. Once diluted in receiving river waters, only mycophenolic acid and hydroxycar-bamide had PEC values higher than 10 ng L−1, which is the value set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to carry out further risk assessment. It was also observed that compounds present in river water are those that can pose a high risk, given their persistence and capability to bioaccumulate. Therefore, this study shows that the estimation of PEC, together with physico-chemical properties of detected compounds, is a useful tool to determine the long-term presence and fate of this new class of emerging contaminants.
AB - This study reports the consumption data for 132 anticancer drugs in Catalonia (NE Spain) during the period of 2013–2017 and calculates the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in wastewater effluents and rivers. This long-term analysis can determine the evolution of drugs present in the environment according to prescriptions and serve as an adequate tool to determine their presence and impact. Data showed that out of 132 compounds prescribed, 77 reached wastewater effluents, which accounted for the most consumed, those excreted in the highest doses, and the least biodegradable. Once diluted in receiving river waters, only mycophenolic acid and hydroxycar-bamide had PEC values higher than 10 ng L−1, which is the value set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to carry out further risk assessment. It was also observed that compounds present in river water are those that can pose a high risk, given their persistence and capability to bioaccumulate. Therefore, this study shows that the estimation of PEC, together with physico-chemical properties of detected compounds, is a useful tool to determine the long-term presence and fate of this new class of emerging contaminants.
KW - PECs
KW - anticancer drugs
KW - fate
KW - river water
KW - wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131108109&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules27103203
DO - 10.3390/molecules27103203
M3 - Article
C2 - 35630679
AN - SCOPUS:85131108109
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 27
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 10
M1 - 3203
ER -