@inproceedings{a19be40225f344c3845f5cefa2ca40f9,
title = "Fractal-Shaped Koch-Ring Microstrip Patch",
abstract = "Design of small antennas that can be integrated with the circuitry inside handheld electronic devices is an emerging research topic in the field of mobile communication. Use of circular-shaped rings is a viable solution proposed to design miniature antennas. In this paper, a novel shape is proposed for printed antennas by incorporating the Koch fractal with circular rings. The proposed Fractal-Shaped Koch-ring antennas exhibit miniature properties. The miniaturization factors of the circular ring microstrip patch antenna (MPA) and Koch-ring MPAs of first and second iterations were analyzed and their characteristics were compared in terms of the resonant-frequency at the fundamental mode, input impedance at the resonance frequency, bandwidth, radiation efficiency and the radiation pattern. Numerical and experimental results show that a fractal-shaped Koch-ring MPA resonates at a lower frequency than classical circular rings. Based on these findings, a stacked MPA with Koch-rings was designed to make the antenna miniature with high efficiency and a high directivity along the broadside radiation.",
keywords = "Fractal, Microstrip patch antenna, Miniature antennas, Stacked antenna",
author = "Omar Saraereh and Jeevani Jayasinghe and Aurora Andujar and Jaume Anguera",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.; 2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, ISNCC 2021 ; Conference date: 31-10-2021 Through 02-11-2021",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615733",
language = "English",
series = "2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, ISNCC 2021",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
booktitle = "2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications, ISNCC 2021",
address = "United States",
}