TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring the gendered tourism entrepreneurial ecosystem in Barcelona and responses required
T2 - a feminist ethic of care
AU - Freund, Daniela
AU - Ramírez García, Itziar
AU - Boluk, Karla A.
AU - Canut-Cascalló, Mireia
AU - López-Planas, María
N1 - Funding Information:
Importantly, Marta referred to a difference in the types of questions women entrepreneurs receive regarding funding. This nuance in addition to the lack of female representation and the lack of equal opportunities for women may lead to feelings that women need to go above and beyond to earn a seat at the table. This was explicitly recognized by Sara (Business Angel) who stated, “as a woman you have additional pressures, you always have to demonstrate more than a man in equal conditions.” This gender division leaves minorities at the margins which was further reinforced by Pablo (Corporate Venture) when he said this “To give you an idea: of approximately 35 projects that I have presented to the investment committee, only 4 were led directly by women.” Accordingly, investment is masculinized, meaning men often decide who to grant funding to and this impacts who and how entrepreneurs ask for funding, and this reinforces the patriarchal system favoring men.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Barcelona is an attractive location in Spain for tourism entrepreneurship; however, women are significantly under-represented. This study adopts a locally based perspective and a feminist ethic of care theoretical lens to give voice to tourism women entrepreneurs and members of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Barcelona. The aim of our analysis is to understand the culture of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and seeks to answer the following research question: How does an entrepreneurial ecosystem that operates in a tourism entrepreneurship context characterized by gendered barriers, find support through gender equity resources and policies? To address this question, we have applied feminist theory to analyze the semi-structured interviews with female entrepreneurs and individuals committed to Barcelona’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. Our analysis revealed three main gender equity-related issues i.) Hunting and caring: The Gender Entrepreneurship Division; ii.) Social Conditioning and gender norms: Reinforcing Gender Inequities and iii.) Entrepreneuring and the Motherhood Penalty. Our findings draw attention to gender biases and opportunities to enhance equity in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Barcelona by employing an ethic of care and committing to diversification. We offer a theoretical framework to understand and respond to gender inequities to enhance the success of women tourism entrepreneurs.
AB - Barcelona is an attractive location in Spain for tourism entrepreneurship; however, women are significantly under-represented. This study adopts a locally based perspective and a feminist ethic of care theoretical lens to give voice to tourism women entrepreneurs and members of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Barcelona. The aim of our analysis is to understand the culture of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and seeks to answer the following research question: How does an entrepreneurial ecosystem that operates in a tourism entrepreneurship context characterized by gendered barriers, find support through gender equity resources and policies? To address this question, we have applied feminist theory to analyze the semi-structured interviews with female entrepreneurs and individuals committed to Barcelona’s entrepreneurial ecosystem. Our analysis revealed three main gender equity-related issues i.) Hunting and caring: The Gender Entrepreneurship Division; ii.) Social Conditioning and gender norms: Reinforcing Gender Inequities and iii.) Entrepreneuring and the Motherhood Penalty. Our findings draw attention to gender biases and opportunities to enhance equity in the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Barcelona by employing an ethic of care and committing to diversification. We offer a theoretical framework to understand and respond to gender inequities to enhance the success of women tourism entrepreneurs.
KW - barcelona
KW - feminist ethic of care
KW - SDG 5
KW - SDG 8
KW - social policy
KW - Women tourism entrepreneurs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85158976549&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/09669582.2023.2207780
DO - 10.1080/09669582.2023.2207780
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85158976549
SN - 0966-9582
JO - Journal of Sustainable Tourism
JF - Journal of Sustainable Tourism
ER -