Study of the Sloshing Dynamics in Partially Filled Rectangular Tanks with Submerged Baffles Using VOF and LES Turbulence Methods for Different Impact Angles

This research studies how the angle and dimensions of a single baffle affect the dynamics of a fluid in a closed rectangular tank under an accelerated harmonic vibration in resonance. A half-filled non-deformable rectangular tank with a single centered submerged baffle has been simulated using ANSYS^® FLUENT. The study aims to characterize the effect of changing the baffle’s angle; hence, 10 simulations have been performed: without a baffle, 90°, 30°, 60°, 120° and 150°, either maintaining the baffle’s length or the projected height constant. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using volume of fluid (VOF) and large eddy simulation (LES) are used to predict the movement of the fluid in two dimensions, which have been benchmarked against experimental data with excellent agreement. The motion is sinusoidal in the +X direction, with a frequency of oscillation equal to its first vibration mode. The parameters studied have been the free surface elevation, values at three different points and maximum; the center of gravity’s position, velocity, and acceleration; and the forces against the tank’s walls. It has been found that the 90° angle has the most significant damping effect, stabilizing the free-surface elevation, reducing the center of gravity dispersion, and leveling the impacting forces. Smaller angles also tame the sloshing and stabilize it.