Limitación terapéutica en cuidados intensivos

Introduction: Termination of artificial life-support in critically-ill patients without chance of recovery or with severe damage is frequent in the intensive care unit (UCI). Patients and methods: We studied the present situation concerning the withdrawal of life support in Spain using data collected over 10 years in referral hospitals with pediatric ICUs. Forty-nine patients were included, of which 43 had chronic diseases. Results The most frequent causes of admission to the pediatric ICU in this type of patients was respiratory failure followed by cardiovascular surgery. The family seemed to be a key element when taking a decision although in a few cases the medical team acted paternalistically. The most common ways of limiting life-support were withholding or withdrawing some treatments (mainly mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs) and implementing do-not-resuscitate orders. Sedation and suitable pain management were widely used in terminal care. After the decision to limit life-support was made, six patients were discharged from the pediatric ICU. Conclusions: Although each case should be treated individually, because of the wide variation found in the limitation of life-support, we suggest the need for common guidelines that could help the decision-making process.