Doctoral trends development in Spain: From academic to professional paths

The alignment with the Bologna process and the subsequent creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) framework, principles, and guidelines have significantly changed Spanish doctoral education. In this article, we identify the critical drivers for that change in Spain and address their implications for doctoral education summarised around three significant trends: changes and diversification of research-related environments, the ones referred to the doctoral curriculum changes to enhance doctoral success, and the professionalisation of doctoral studies. For each of these trends, we discuss the challenges, their implications, and the practices and regulations designed to overcome them. Conclusions are drawn about the emerging landscape and future of doctoral education in Spain.