TY - JOUR
T1 - UV/H2O2degradation of the antidepressants venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine
T2 - Elucidation of their transformation pathway and environmental fate
AU - García-Galán, Jesús J.
AU - Anfruns, Alba
AU - Gonzalez-Olmos, Rafael
AU - Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara
AU - Comas, Joaquim
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the European Union (Marie Curie SANITAS ITN Project agreement 289193) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PCIN-2013-074, CTM2012-38314-C02-01 and CTM2013- 48545-C2). This research has also been co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of the Catalonia ERDF Operative programme 2007–2013. This work was partly supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group: Catalan Institute for water Research 2014 SGR 291). R. Gonzalez-Olmos thanks to “Obra Social La Caixa” for funding through the “Electromembrane” (2014-URL-Trac-002).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V..
PY - 2016/7/5
Y1 - 2016/7/5
N2 - The aim of the present work is to investigate the removal and transformation of the antidepressants venlafaxine (VFX) and its main metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (DVFX) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2 under lab conditions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses were carried out by means of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The depletion of both VFX and DVFX was very significant, with the 99.9% of both compounds eliminated after 5 and 30 min of reaction, respectively. Eleven TPs for VFX and six for DVFX were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS2 and MS3 scans, and the corresponding degradation pathways were proposed. The combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Results showed an increase in the ecotoxicity during the UV/H2O2 experiment, especially at those reaction times where the total abundance of TPs was higher.
AB - The aim of the present work is to investigate the removal and transformation of the antidepressants venlafaxine (VFX) and its main metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (DVFX) upon advanced oxidation with UV/H2O2 under lab conditions. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses were carried out by means of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-linear ion trap high resolution Orbitrap instrument (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) in order to elucidate the different transformation products (TPs) generated. The depletion of both VFX and DVFX was very significant, with the 99.9% of both compounds eliminated after 5 and 30 min of reaction, respectively. Eleven TPs for VFX and six for DVFX were detected and their molecular structures elucidated by means of MS2 and MS3 scans, and the corresponding degradation pathways were proposed. The combined ecotoxicity at different treatment times was evaluated by means of bioluminescence inhibition assays with the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. Results showed an increase in the ecotoxicity during the UV/H2O2 experiment, especially at those reaction times where the total abundance of TPs was higher.
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - Metabolite
KW - Transformation products
KW - UV/HO oxidation
KW - Venlafaxine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84959316203&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.070
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.070
M3 - Article
C2 - 26954478
AN - SCOPUS:84959316203
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 311
SP - 70
EP - 80
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -
