@article{fa122b98866e4088a188d4652666bd18,
title = "Use of dietary supplements in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition calibration study",
abstract = "Background:Dietary supplement use is increasing, but there are few comparable data on supplement intakes and how they affect the nutrition and health of European consumers. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplements in subsamples of the 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Methods:Specific questions on dietary supplement use were asked as a part of single 24-h recalls performed on 36 034 men and women aged 35–74 years from 1995 to 2000.Results:Between countries, the mean percentage of dietary supplement use varied almost 10-fold among women and even more among men. There was a clear north–south gradient in use, with a higher consumption in northern countries. The lowest crude mean percentage of use was found in Greece (2.0% among men, 6.7% among women), and the highest was in Denmark (51.0% among men, 65.8% among women). Use was higher in women than in men. Vitamins, minerals or combinations of them were the predominant types of supplements reported, but there were striking differences between countries.Conclusions:This study indicates that there are wide variations in supplement use in Europe, which may affect individual and population nutrient intakes. The results underline the need to monitor consumption of dietary supplements in Europe, as well as to evaluate the risks and benefits.",
keywords = "24-h dietary recall, Dietary supplements, EPIC, Europe, Minerals, Vitamins",
author = "G. Skeie and T. Braaten and A. Hjart{\aa}ker and M. Lentjes and P. Amiano and P. Jakszyn and V. Pala and A. Palanca and Niekerk, {E. M.} and H. Verhagen and K. Avloniti and T. Psaltopoulou and M. Niravong and M. Touvier and K. Nimptsch and J. Haubrock and L. Walker and Spencer, {E. A.} and N. Roswall and A. Olsen and P. Wallstr{\"o}m and S. Nilsson and C. Casagrande and G. Deharveng and V. Hellstr{\"o}m and Boutron-Ruault, {M. C.} and A. Tj{\o}nneland and Joensen, {A. M.} and F. Clavel-Chapelon and A. Trichopoulou and C. Martinez and L. Rodr{\'i}guez and G. Frasca and C. Sacerdote and Peeters, {P. H.M.} and J. Linseisen and A. Schienkiewitz and Welch, {A. A.} and J. Manjer and P. Ferrari and E. Riboli and S. Bingham and D. Engeset and E. Lund and N. Slimani",
note = "Funding Information: P Wallstr{\"o}m received lecture fees from Prenet AB. S Bingham has received grant support from MRC Centre. The remaining authors have declared no financial interests. Funding Information: This study was carried out with the financial support of the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993–2004; Research Directorate-General 2005; Ligue contre le Cancer (France); Soci{\'e}t{\'e} 3M (France); Mutuelle G{\'e}n{\'e}rale de l{\textquoteright}Education Nationale; Institut National de la Sant{\'e} et de la Recherche M{\'e}dicale (INSERM); Institut Gustave Roussy; German Cancer Aid; German Cancer Research Center; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Danish Cancer Society; Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Spanish Regional Governments of Andaluc{\'i}a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology; and ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020), Spain; Cancer Research UK; Medical Research Council, UK; the Stroke Association, UK; British Heart Foundation; Department of Health, UK; Food Standards Agency, UK; the Wellcome Trust, UK; Greek Ministry of Health; Hellenic Health Foundation; Italian Association for Research on Cancer; Italian National Research Council, Regione Sicilia (Sicilian government); Associazione Iblea per la Ricerca Epidemiologica—ONLUS (Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, NPO); Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; Dutch Prevention Funds; LK Research Funds; Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland); World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF); Swedish Cancer Society; Swedish Research Council; Regional Government of Skane and the County Council of Vasterbotten, Sweden; Norwegian Cancer Society; the Norwegian Research Council; and the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation. We thank Connie Stripp for her efforts in classifying the Danish supplements, Sarah Somerville, Nicole Suty and Karima Abdedayem for assistance with editing and Kimberley Bouckaert and Heinz Freisling for technical assistance. Funding Information: The work of GS was supported by EXTRA funds from the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation and the Norwegian Cancer Society.",
year = "2009",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1038/ejcn.2009.83",
language = "English",
volume = "63",
pages = "S226--S238",
journal = "European Journal of Clinical Nutrition",
issn = "0954-3007",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
}