TY - JOUR
T1 - The Mediterranean Diet decreases LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals
T2 - a randomized controlled trial
AU - Hernáez, Álvaro
AU - Castañer, Olga
AU - Goday, Alberto
AU - Ros, Emilio
AU - Pintó, Xavier
AU - Estruch, Ramón
AU - Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
AU - Corella, Dolores
AU - Arós, Fernando
AU - Serra-Majem, Lluis
AU - Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
AU - Fiol, Miquel
AU - Lapetra, José
AU - de la Torre, Rafael
AU - López-Sabater, M. Carmen
AU - Fitó, Montserrat
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo, Sonia Gaixas, and Gemma Blanchart for their technical assistance and Stephanie Lonsdale for her help in editing the text. This work was supported by Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2014-SGR-240), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/03/0028, JR14/00008, PI11/01647, PI15/00047, and CES12/025), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU12/01318), and the Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (FSEEN-Almirall Award for Research in Vascular Risk 2015). The CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A.H. and M.Fitó designed the experiments. A.H. performed the experimental work, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. R.T. and M.C.L-S. contributed to the experimental development. A.H., O.C., A.G., and M.Fitó contributed in the search of funds and in the critical revision of the manuscript. E.R., X.P., R.E., J.S-S., D.C., F.A., M.A.M-G., M.Fiol, and J.L. contributed with biological samples and in the critical revision of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Scope: Traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) protects against cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. However, evidence regarding TMD effects on LDL atherogenic traits (resistance against oxidation, size, composition, cytotoxicity) is scarce. Methods and results: We assessed the effects of a 1-year intervention with a TMD on LDL atherogenic traits in a random sub-sample of individuals from the PREDIMED study (N = 210). We compared two TMDs: one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD-VOO, N = 71) and another with nuts (TMD-Nuts, N = 68), versus a low-fat control diet (N = 71). After the TMD-VOO intervention, LDL resistance against oxidation increased (+6.46%, p = 0.007), the degree of LDL oxidative modifications decreased (−36.3%, p<0.05), estimated LDL particle size augmented (+3.06%, p = 0.021), and LDL particles became cholesterol-rich (+2.41% p = 0.013) relative to the low-fat control diet. LDL lipoproteins became less cytotoxic for macrophages only relative to baseline (−13.4%, p = 0.019). No significant effects of the TMD-Nuts intervention on LDL traits were observed versus the control diet. Conclusion: Adherence to a TMD, particularly when enriched with virgin olive oil, decreased LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals. The development of less atherogenic LDLs could contribute to explaining some of the cardioprotective benefits of this dietary pattern.
AB - Scope: Traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) protects against cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. However, evidence regarding TMD effects on LDL atherogenic traits (resistance against oxidation, size, composition, cytotoxicity) is scarce. Methods and results: We assessed the effects of a 1-year intervention with a TMD on LDL atherogenic traits in a random sub-sample of individuals from the PREDIMED study (N = 210). We compared two TMDs: one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD-VOO, N = 71) and another with nuts (TMD-Nuts, N = 68), versus a low-fat control diet (N = 71). After the TMD-VOO intervention, LDL resistance against oxidation increased (+6.46%, p = 0.007), the degree of LDL oxidative modifications decreased (−36.3%, p<0.05), estimated LDL particle size augmented (+3.06%, p = 0.021), and LDL particles became cholesterol-rich (+2.41% p = 0.013) relative to the low-fat control diet. LDL lipoproteins became less cytotoxic for macrophages only relative to baseline (−13.4%, p = 0.019). No significant effects of the TMD-Nuts intervention on LDL traits were observed versus the control diet. Conclusion: Adherence to a TMD, particularly when enriched with virgin olive oil, decreased LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals. The development of less atherogenic LDLs could contribute to explaining some of the cardioprotective benefits of this dietary pattern.
KW - LDL cytotoxicity
KW - LDL oxidation
KW - LDL size
KW - Low density lipoproteins
KW - Mediterranean diet
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85018754642&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.201601015
DO - 10.1002/mnfr.201601015
M3 - Article
C2 - 28371298
AN - SCOPUS:85018754642
SN - 1613-4125
VL - 61
JO - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
JF - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
IS - 9
M1 - 1601015
ER -