TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of HDL function and LDL atherogenicity on cardiovascular risk
T2 - A comprehensive examination
AU - Hernáez, Álvaro
AU - Soria-Florido, María Trinidad
AU - Schröder, Helmut
AU - Ros, Emilio
AU - Pintó, Xavier
AU - Estruch, Ramón
AU - Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
AU - Corella, Dolores
AU - Arós, Fernando
AU - Serra-Majem, Lluis
AU - Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
AU - Fiol, Miquel
AU - Lapetra, José
AU - Elosua, Roberto
AU - Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa María
AU - Fitó, Montserrat
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by: Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017 SGR 222), Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201512.31), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/03/0028 and PI15/00047). A.H. was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CD17/00122), M.T.S.-F. was supported by Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2015 FI_B 01042), and M. Fitó was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CES12/025). CIBERs of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV) are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Daniel Muñoz-Aguayo, Gemma Blanchart, and Sonia Gaixas for their technical assistance, and Stephanie Lonsdale for her help in editing the English text.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Hernáez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors. Objective To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor. Methods In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors. Results Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend<0.05, all). After adjusting for the rest of risk factors; 1) type-2 diabetic individuals presented smaller and more oxidized LDLs (P<0.026, all); 2) dyslipidemic participants had smaller HDLs with an impaired capacity to metabolize cholesterol (P<0.035, all); 3) high body mass index values were associated to lower HDL and LDL size and a lower HDL capacity to esterify cholesterol (P<0.037, all); 4) men presented a greater HDL oxidation and lower HDL vasodilatory capacity (P<0.046, all); and 5) greater ages were related to small, oxidized, cytotoxic LDL particles (P<0.037, all). Conclusions Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity.
AB - Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors. Objective To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor. Methods In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors. Results Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend<0.05, all). After adjusting for the rest of risk factors; 1) type-2 diabetic individuals presented smaller and more oxidized LDLs (P<0.026, all); 2) dyslipidemic participants had smaller HDLs with an impaired capacity to metabolize cholesterol (P<0.035, all); 3) high body mass index values were associated to lower HDL and LDL size and a lower HDL capacity to esterify cholesterol (P<0.037, all); 4) men presented a greater HDL oxidation and lower HDL vasodilatory capacity (P<0.046, all); and 5) greater ages were related to small, oxidized, cytotoxic LDL particles (P<0.037, all). Conclusions Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068971562&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0218533
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0218533
M3 - Article
C2 - 31246976
AN - SCOPUS:85068971562
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 6
M1 - e0218533
ER -