Prescription of physical activity and physical exercise in primary care: Current situation and implementation challenges

This article analyzes the current state of physical activity prescription in primary care, identifying structural, professional, and social barriers that hinder its clinical implementation. Although evidence on the benefits of physical exercise in preventing and treating multiple pathologies is strong, its integration into the daily practice of primary care teams remains limited. The article reviews key definitions, international guidelines, factors influencing therapeutic adherence, and clinical cases such as cancer, sarcopenia, and chronic pain. Opportunities to improve effective physical activity prescription in primary care are identified, including interdisciplinary strategies, technological tools, clinical guidelines, and ongoing professional training. Physical activity prescription must evolve from a generic recommendation to a structured, individualized, and sustained intervention aligned with population health goals and the 2030 Agenda. Transforming this practice is an urgent need to address the growing impact of sedentary lifestyles in our society.