Opening governance with a public intent: studying opening gevernance at multiple scales

Smart Cities have been for some years the most salient examples of the implementation of Open Innovation in the Public Sector, particularly in areas such as Open Data. However, even if a lot of effort and energy has been devoted to open innovation in cities, results didn't keep up with the expectations. Reasons why vary from internal difficulties to lack of standarization and a small market to the limitations of the political intent behind them. The contribution identifies two different stages of Open Innovation in cities, the first one characterized by high expectations and a top down governance and a second period where cities seek the active involvement of communities and developers.