Mediterranean Diet, Energy Restriction, Physical Activity, and Atherogenicity of Very-Low Density Lipoproteins: Findings from Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega, Olga Castañer, Albert Sanllorente, Camille Lassale, Emilio Ros, Xavier Pintó, Ramón Estruch, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Cristina Razquin, Miquel Fiol, José Lapetra, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Francisco J. Tinahones, Álvaro Hernáez, Montserrat Fitó

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Resum

Scope: Some very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) properties may render them more pro-atherogenic. We aimed to assess whether a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) or an energy-reduced MedDiet with increased physical activity improves them. Methods and results: In a sample of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study, a 1-year intervention with MedDiet with extra-virgin olive oil (n = 89) or nuts (MedDiet-Nuts; n = 79) is compared with a low-fat diet (n = 90). In the PREDIMED-Plus study, a 1-year intervention with energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity (n = 103) is compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (n = 101). VLDL levels of apolipoprotein C-I, C-III, triglycerides, and cholesterol; the apolipoprotein E-/C-I ratio; and VLDL ex-vivo triglyceride transfer are measured. In PREDIMED participants in both MedDiet groups combined, VLDL apolipoprotein C-III levels are nominally reduced (−0.023 SD units, 95% CI −0.44 to −0.014, p = 0.037). VLDL triglyceride transfer is nominally increased in the MedDiet-Nuts group (+0.39 SD units, 95% CI 0.012–0.78, p = 0.045). In PREDIMED-Plus, no inter-group differences are detected. Conclusions: In older adults at high cardiovascular risk, MedDiet is associated with lower VLDL atherogenicity versus a low-fat diet. No differences are seen after an energy-reduced MedDiet with physical activity.

Idioma originalAnglès
Número d’article2200338
Nombre de pàgines8
RevistaMolecular Nutrition and Food Research
Volum67
Número1
DOIs
Estat de la publicacióPublicada - de gen. 2023

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