TY - JOUR
T1 - Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to characterise trace levels of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate toxins in suspended solids and sediments
AU - Rivetti, Claudia
AU - Gómez-Canela, Cristian
AU - Lacorte, Silvia
AU - Barata, Carlos
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN grant and FEDER funds (CTM2011-30471-C02-01). Claudia Rivetti was supported by a fellowship from the MICINN (FPI BES-2012-053631). We thank Jorge Diogène, head of the Marine Monitoring Subprogram of IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, 43540, Spain for kindly supplying the Dinophysis bloom samples.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2015/2/6
Y1 - 2015/2/6
N2 - Microcystins, anatoxins and okadaic acid are toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. These toxins have been the responsible for the illness and death of biota and humans. To determine their presence in water during blooms, sensitive analytical methods are needed. In this study, we have developed a new liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for fast multiresidue determination of five toxins in suspended material and sediment samples. For each target compound, two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions were optimised. Chromatographic conditions were optimised considering that the compounds analysed had different chemical structure and chromatographic behaviour. Using a Luna C18 column and specific SRM transitions, five phytotoxins were resolved. Method detection limits (MDL) for anatoxin-a, microcystins RR, LR and YR and okadaic acid were 7.1, 3.3, 81.7, 102.8 and 28.8 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment, respectively. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to analyse the presence of toxins in suspended solids and sediment from Ebro River (NE Spain) and Ebro delta-associated lagoons. Anatoxin-a was detected downstream of the Riba-Roja reservoir with levels ranging from 20 to 1120 ng g-1 dry weight of suspended solids. Okadaic acid was only detected in three samples collected in the Alfacs Bay (Ebro delta, Spain) affected by Dinophysis blooms in 2012.
AB - Microcystins, anatoxins and okadaic acid are toxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. These toxins have been the responsible for the illness and death of biota and humans. To determine their presence in water during blooms, sensitive analytical methods are needed. In this study, we have developed a new liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for fast multiresidue determination of five toxins in suspended material and sediment samples. For each target compound, two selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions were optimised. Chromatographic conditions were optimised considering that the compounds analysed had different chemical structure and chromatographic behaviour. Using a Luna C18 column and specific SRM transitions, five phytotoxins were resolved. Method detection limits (MDL) for anatoxin-a, microcystins RR, LR and YR and okadaic acid were 7.1, 3.3, 81.7, 102.8 and 28.8 ng g-1 dry weight in sediment, respectively. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to analyse the presence of toxins in suspended solids and sediment from Ebro River (NE Spain) and Ebro delta-associated lagoons. Anatoxin-a was detected downstream of the Riba-Roja reservoir with levels ranging from 20 to 1120 ng g-1 dry weight of suspended solids. Okadaic acid was only detected in three samples collected in the Alfacs Bay (Ebro delta, Spain) affected by Dinophysis blooms in 2012.
KW - Cyanotoxins
KW - Ebro
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Okadaic acid
KW - Sediment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937947812&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00216-014-8308-4
DO - 10.1007/s00216-014-8308-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 25619981
AN - SCOPUS:84937947812
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 407
SP - 1451
EP - 1462
JO - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
IS - 5
ER -
