Genetic algorithm optimization of a high-directivity microstrip patch antenna having a rectangular profile

A single high-directivity microstrip patch antenna (MPA) having a rectangular profile, which can substitute a linear array is proposed. It is designed by using genetic algorithms with the advantage of not requiring a feeding network. The patch fits inside an area of 2.54λ x 0.25λ, resulting in a broadside pattern with a directivity of 12 dBi and a fractional impedance bandwidth of 4 %. The antenna is fabricated and the measurements are in good agreement with the simulated results. The genetic MPA provides a similar directivity as linear arrays using a corporate or series feeding, with the advantage that the genetic MPA results in more bandwidth.