Failure cases in open innovation

Open Innovation is not a panacea, and it doesn't always produce positive results in every situation. The study of Open Innovation arguably suffers from too little attention being paid to situations where Open Innovation fails, and the reasons for the failure are not investigated by scholars of organizations. As a result, both scholars and managers are not learning as much about Open Innovation from these failures as they otherwise might. And the failures themselves challenge certain claims about Open Innovation, causing organization analysts to be more careful in asserting its efficacy in organizing and managing innovation. This chapter presents three case studies of failures of Open Innovation.