Dating Violence in Chilean Adolescents: Meanings, Ways of Manifesting and Directionality, from a Gender and Inclusivity Perspective

Background: Dating violence (DV) is recognized as a public health problem, so there is still a need to delve deeper into the different perceptions of adolescents about DV, specifically considering the diversity of gender and context. ​​. Purpose: This study has been in order to explore the phenomenon of DV from the perspective of Chilean adolescents, in order to identify its meaning, describe types and manifestations and explore the directionality of violence while considering the gender of the participants. Methods: A sample of 65 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 were recruited from schools mainly in the Araucanía and regions of Metropolitan and distributed into 10 focus groups stratified by gender and age. A qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was used. Content analysis was performed stratified by age group (10–14 years and 15–19 years) and gender identity. Results: Adolescents referred to new concepts based on DV. They achieved this at a young age, making distinctions such as relationships with violence, unhealthy relationships and toxic relationships. At the same time, they showed a less heteronormative view of the couple, identifying that violence in couples can be exercised bidirectionally and recognizing a broader spectrum of violent behaviours – such as “funas” or sending “the pack” – which are also associated with serious consequences such as suicidality. Conclusion: Adolescents handle a lot of information and are aware that DV should not be normalized or tolerated. They take into account the vulnerability of the female gender, but also that of the male gender and gender diversity. They also know multiple ways in which DV can be exerted, some of which are serious and not described in the literature. Understanding their perspective is essential for implementing intervention programmes that can help to address and prevent DV transversally.